Signals & Systems: Representation of continuous–time
and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse
response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and
differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform,
Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT,
FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.
E.M. Theory: Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation
in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of
plane waves. Transmission line: travelling and standing waves, impedance
matching, Smith chart.
Analog Electronics: Characteristics and equivalent
circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode
circuits: clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability.
FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers: single and multi-stage,
differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers;
frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal
oscillators: criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP
configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear
and switching power supplies.
Digital Electronics: Boolean algebra; minimization
of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL,
MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters,
multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops,
counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample
and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation
using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).
Energy Conversion: Principles of electromechanical
energy conversion: Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines:
characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control
of motors; Transformers: principles of operation and analysis; regulation,
efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous
machines: characteristics and preformance analysis; speed control.
Power Electronics and Electric Drives: Semiconductor
power devices: diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET–static
characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase
control rectifiers; bridge converters: fully-controlled and half-controlled;
principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters; Switch
mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives
applications of variable-speed drives.
Analog Communication: Random variables: continuous,
discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages;
probability models; Random signals and noise: white noise, noise equivalent
bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear
CW modulation: Amplitude modulation: DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators
and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation: PM & FM signals;
narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis,
Preemphasis. CW modulation system: Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers,
communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver
Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.
PAPER - II
Control Systems: Elements of control systems; block-diagram
representation; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and
applications of feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems: time-domain
and transform-domain analysis. Stability: Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci,
Bode-plots and polar plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad
compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation
and analysis of control systems.
Measurement and Instrumentation: Error
analysis; measurement of current, voltage, power, energy, power-factor,
resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurement.
Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter,
CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyzer,
distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-gauge,
piezo-electric crystal.
Power Systems: Analysis and Control: Steady-state
performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of
active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities;
bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and
power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components,
analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system
stability: swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system.
Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.
Power System Protection: Principles of overcurrent,
differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays.
Circuit breakers. Computer aided protection: Introduction; line bus,
generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of
DSP to protection.
Digital Communication: Pulse code modulation (PCM),
differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital
modulation and demodulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency
keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding: error detection
and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure
and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.