Monday, December 30, 2024
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Measurement: Dimensional analysis and error estimation, dimensional compatibility and significant figures.
Motion in one dimension: Average velocity, instantaneous velocity, one-dimensional motion with constant accelerations, freely falling bodies.
Laws of Motion: Force and inertia, Newton's laws of motion, and their significance.
Motion in two dimensions: Projectile motion, uniform circular motion, tangential and radial acceleration in curvelinear motion, relative motion and relative acceleration.
Work, Power and Energy: Work done by a constant and variable forces, kinetic and potential energy, power, Conservative and non conservative forces, conservation of energy, gravitational energy, work energy theorem, potential energy stored in a spring.
Linear Momentum & collisions: Linear momentum & impulse, conservation of linear momentum for two particle system, collisions, collision in one dimension, collision in two dimension, rocket propulsion
Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis: Angular velocity and angular acceleration, rotational kinematics, rotational motion with constant angular acceleration relationship between angular and linear quantities, rotational energy, moment of inertia for a ring, rod, spherical shell, sphere and plane lamina, torque and angular acceleration, work and energy in rotational motion, rolling motion of a solid sphere and cylinder.
Gravitation: Gravitational field, Kepler's laws and motion of planets, planetary and satellite motion, geostationary satellite.
Oscillatory motion: Harmonic motion, oscillatory motion of mass attached to a spring, kinetic & potential energy, Time Period of a simple pendulum, comparing simple and harmonic motion with uniform circular motion, forced oscillations, damped oscillations and resonance.
Mechanics of solids and fluids: States of matter young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity, variations of pressure with depth, Buoyant forces and Archimedes principle, Pascal's law, Bernoulli's theorem and its application, surface energy, surface tension, angle of contact, capillary rise, coefficient of viscosity, viscous force, terminal velocity, Stoke's law, stream line motion, Reynold's numbers.
Heat and thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics, specific heat of an ideal gas at constant volume and constant pressure, relation between them, thermodynamics process (reversible, irreversible, isothermal, adiabatic), second law of thermodynamics, concept of entropy and concept of absolute scale, efficiency of a Carnot engine, thermal conductivity, Newton's law of cooling, black body radiation, Wien's displacement law, Stefan's law.
Wave: Wave motion, phase, amplitude and velocity of wave, newton's formula for longitudinal waves, propagation of sound waves in air, effect of temperature and pressure on velocity of sound, Laplace's correction, Principle of superposition, formation of standing waves, standing waves in strings and pipes, beats, Doppler's effect.
Electrostatics: Coulomb's law, electric field and potential due to point charge, dipole and its field along the axis and perpendicular to axis, electric flux, Gauss's theorem and its applications to find the field due to infinite sheet of charge, and inside the hallow conducting sphere, capacitance, parallel plate capacitor with air and dielectric medium between the Plates, series and parallel combination of capacitors, energy of a capacitor, displacement currents.
Current Electricity: Concept of free and bound electrons, drift velocity and mobility, electric current, Ohm's law, resistivity, conductivity, temperature dependency of resistance, resistance in series and parallel combination, Kirchoff’s law and their application to network of resistances, principle of potentiometer, effect of temperature on resistance and its application.
Magnetic Effect of Current: Magnetic field due to current, Biot-Savart's law, magnetic field due to solenoid, motion of charge in a magnetic field, force on a current carrying conductors and torque on current loop in a magnetic field, magnetic flux, forces between two parallel current carrying conductors, moving coil galvanometer and its conversion into ammeter and voltmeter.
Magnetism in Matter: The magnetization of substance due to orbital and spin motions of electrons, magnetic moment of atoms, diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, earth's magnetic field and its components and their measurement.
Electromagnetic induction: Induced e.m.f., Faraday's laws, Lenz's law, electromagnetic induction, self and mutual induction, B-H curve, hysisteresisloss and its importance, eddy currents.
Ray Optics and optical instruments: Sources of light, luminous intensity,luminous flux, illuminance, photometry, wave nature of light, Huygen's theory for propagation of light and rectilinear propagation of light, reflection of light , total internal reflection, reflection and refraction at spherical surfaces, focal length of a combination of lenses, spherical and chromatic aberration and their removal, refraction and dispersion of light due to a prism, simple and compound microscope, reflecting and refracting telescope, magnifying power and resolving power.
Wave Optics: Coherent and incoherent sources of light, interference, young's double slit experiment diffraction due to a single slit, linearly polarized light, Polaroid.
Modern Physics: Photo-electric equation, matter waves,
quantization, Planck's hypothesis, Bohr's model of hydrogen atom and its
spectra, ionisation potential, Rydberg constant, solar spectrum and Fraunhofer
lines, fluorescence and phosphorescence, X-Rays and their productions,
characteristic and continuous spectra. Nuclear Instability, radioactive
decay laws, Emission of α, β, γ, rays, Mass - defect, Mass
Energy equivalence, Nuclear Fission Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Fusion.
Classification of conductors, Insulators and semiconductors on the basis
of energy bands in solids, PN junction, PN Diode, junction Transistors,
Transistor as an amplifier and Oscillator.
Principles of Logic Gates ( AND, OR and NOT ) Analog Vs Digital communication,
Difference between Radio and television, Signal propagation, Principle
of LASER and MASER, Population Inversion, Spontaneous and stimulated Emission.
Atomic Structure: Bohr's concept. Quantum numbers, Electronic configuration, molecular orbital theory for homonuclear molecules, Pauli's exclusion principle.
Chemical Bonding: Electrovalency, co-valency, hybridization involving s,p and d orbitals hydrogen bonding.
Redox Reactions: Oxidation number, oxidising and reducing agents, balancing of equations.
Chemical Equilibrium and Kinetics: Equilibrium constant (for gaseous system only) Le Chaterlier's principle, ionic equilibrium, Ostwald's dilution law, hydrolysis, pH and buffer solution, solubility product, common-ion effect, rate constant and first order reaction.
Acid - Base Concepts: Bronsted Lowry & Lewis.
Electrochemistry: Electrode potential and electro-chemical series.
Catalysis: Types and applications.
Colloids: Types and preparation, Brownian movement, Tyndall effect, coagulation and peptization.
Colligative Properties of Solution: Lowering of vapour pressure, Osmotic pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point, determination of molecular weight.
Periodic Table: Classification of elements on the basis of electronic configuration, properties of s,p and d block elements, ionization potential, electronegativity & electron affinity.
Preparation and Properties of the following: Hydrogen peroxide. copper sulphate, silver nitrate, plaster of paris, borax, Mohr's salt, alums, white and red lead, microcosmic salt and bleaching powder, sodium thiosulphate.
Thermochemistry: Exothermic & endothermic reactions Heat of reaction, Heat of combustion & formation, neutralisation, Hess's law.
General Organic Chemistry: Shape of organic compounds, Inductive effect, mesomeric effect, electrophiles & nucleophiles, Reaction intermediates: carboniumion, carbanions & free radical, Types of organic reactions, Cannizzaro Friedel Craft, Perkin, Aldol condensation.
Isomerism: Structural, Geometrical & Optical
IUPAC: Nomenclature of simple organic compounds.
Polymers: Addition & condensation polymers
Corbohydrates: Monosaccharides.
Preparation and Properties Of the Followings: Hydrocarbons, monohydric alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, monocarboxylic acids, primary amines, benzene, nitrobenzene, aniline, phenol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, Grignard Reagent.
Solid State: Structure of simple ionic compounds, Crystal imperfections (point defects only), Born-Haber cycle
Petroleum: Important industrial fractions, cracking, octane number, anti knocking compounds.
Zoology
Origin of Life: Oparin's theory, Miller's Experiment, Viruses - structure, properties, distribution, classification and pathogenesis (Eg. AIDS, CANCER), Viroids & Prions, Biotic balance.
Organic Evolution: Relationship among organisms and Evidences of organic Evolution - Principles of Evolution - Lamarkism, Darwinism and Speciation.
Mechanism of Organic Evolution: Variations - Definition, causes and types, Mutations (Principles of Hugo de'veries), Role of mutations in speciation. Evolution through ages and human evolution
Human Genetics and Eugenics: Human hereditary traits, study of Twins, A.B.O. blood groups and their inheritance, Rh-factor, Sex determination. Chromosomal aberrations, Important human syndromes, Sex linked characters and their inheritance, Applied Genetics - eugenics, euthenics, euphenics & I.Q. Test.
Applied Biology: Wild life of India - Endangered species: Biosphere Reserves, National Parks and sanctuaries, Project Tiger, Conservation of wild life, Bio-energy, Poultry, Fisheries (edible fishes), Human Population, Population explosion, problems & control. Test - Tube babies, & Amniocentasis, Application of Biotechnology in human welfare. Human Aging.
Mammalian Anatomy (Eg. Rabbit): Reproductive system (excluding embryonic development) Osteology, structure and organization of different systems.
Animal Physiology:
(A) Animal Nutrition: Food, Balanced diet, Nutritional imbalances and
deficiency diseases, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation of food, (comparison
between human and Rabbit).
(B) Animal Excretion and Osmoregulation: Chemical nature of excretory products in various animals, Physiology of excretion, Function of liver and kidney (Homeostatic regulatory functions of kidneys), Formation of urine, Osmoregulation by kidneys.
(C) Respiratory system: Exchange and transport of gases (O2 and Co2) factors affecting O2 and Co2 transport, Cellular respiration, different lung volumes, breathing and sound production.
(D) Nervous systems: Central, autonomic and peripheral nervous system, Receptors, Effectors, Reflex-action. Nature and conduction of Nerve- impulses, Synapse, Sense organs - Structure & working of Eye & Ear, Biochemistry of vision and taste buds.
(E) Endocrine System: Different endocrine glands and Hormones - definition, types, characteristics and their functions, (in relation to human beings), Hormonal disorders and pheromones.
(F) Circulatory System: Circulation of body fluids- Blood and lymph, Open and closed vascular systems, Structure and working physiology of Heart, Comparison between arteries and veins, Lymphatic system.
(G) Animal Diversity: Classification of Animal kingdom (Based on Storar & Eusinger), Chracteristic feature of different phyla and classes with examples.
Detailed studies of followings:
Botany
Plant Cell: Structure & functions electron microscopic structured mitochondria, Plastids centrosomes. Lysosomes, microsomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Nucleus, Golgibodes, D.N.A & R.N.A. Cytoplasm, membranes and cell wall.
Protoplasm: structure, components physical and chemical
properties.
Cell divison (formation) - free cell formation, Amitosis & Meosis,
Duplication of D.N.A.
Ecology: Ecological factors (atmospheric, edaphic, climatic, geological & biotic factors).
Ecosystem: Structure, components of ecosystem eg. Water
soluble minerals and gases, producers consumers, decomposers, Pond and
forest ecosystem.
Atmospheric pollution-causes and control, Types of pollution - Detergents,
chemicals automobile exhaust, Radioactive matter, Smog, sound, Pesticides.
Genetics: Mendalism, Mendals experiment and law of
inheritance.
Modern Classification of plant kingdom- (according to Ostwald & Tippo)
(outline).
Seeds in angiospermic plants: description of development of angiospermic plants (life history of angiospermic plants).
Fruits: Dispersal of fruits and seeds
Cell differentiation Plant Tissue: Meristimatic classification of meritimatic & permanet tissue and functions and classification of tissue system.
Anatomy of Root, stem and leaf: difference between dicot and Monocot stem. Secondary growth of stem and root. Anatomy of hydrophytes, Xeophytes & Mesophytes.
Important phylums:
Algae: Habitat, general characters & uses, description of ulothrix
& spirogyra.
Bacteria: structure - types of nutrition, reproduction and economic importance.
Fungi: structure description of Rhizopus and yeast and their economic
importance, Fermentation.
Broyophyta: structure and economic importance, description of funaria
(Moss)
Pteridophyta: general structures of pteridophytes description of fern
(Droypteris)
General study of gymnosperms and life history of cycas.
Classification of angiospermn,
Description of families - identification and economic importance
Cruciferae, Malvaceae, Leguminosae, compositeae, cucurbitaceae.
Soil:
Absorption of water through root hairs osmosis, Translocation and Root
pressure Nitrogen cycle.
Special modes of nutrition in plants (Autotrophic, heterotrophic, Parasites,
saprophytes, Symbionts insectivorous and their ecological relation.
Photosynthesis: Chloroplast, light, chlorophyll and
Carbon dioxide, Mechanism of photosynthesis formation of A.T.P. and their
functions and importance of photosynthesis.
Transpiration: factors and importance, Mechanism of opening and closing
of stomata.
Respiration: aerobic, anaerobic respiration, mechanism of respiration
(Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, E.T.S.)
Growth & movement: definition of growth, Region of growth & their
measurements, types of movements in plants, Growth harmone.
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