Wednesday, December 18, 2024
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Paper-I
1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology: Viruses, bacteria, and plasmids-structure
and reproduction. General account of infection, Phytoimmunology. Applications
of microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and pollution control in
air, soil and water. Important plant diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma,
fungi and nematodes. Mode of infection and dissemination. Molecular basis of
infection and disease resistance/defence. Physiology of parasitism and control
measures. Fungal toxins.
2. Cryptogams: Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes-structure and reproduction
from evolutonary viewpoint. Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their economic
potential.
3. Phanerogams: Gymnosperms: Concept of Progymonosperms. Classification and
distribution of Gymnosperms. Salient features of Cycadales, Coniferrals and
Gnetales, their structures and reproduction. General account of Cycadofilicales,
Bennettitales and Cordaitales.
Angiosperms: Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology and phylogeny.
Comparative account of various systems of Angiosperm Classiification. Study
of angiospermic families–Magnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae (Cruci-ferae),
Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceaie, Dipterocar-paceae, Apiaceae
(Umbelliferae), Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae, Solana-ceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae,
Asteraceae (Composite), Poaceae (Gramineae), Arecaceae (Palmae), Liliaceae,
Musaceae, Orchidaceae.
Stomata and their types. Anomalous secondary growth, Anatomy of C 3 and C 4
plants. Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization.
Endosperm–its development and function. Patterns of embryo development.
Polyembryony, apoxmix, Applications of palynology.
4. Plant Utility and Exploitation: Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov's centres
of origin. Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibres, spices, beverages, drugs,
narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes. Latex, cellulose Starch
and their products. Perfumery. Importance of Ethnobotany in Indian context.
Energy plantation. Botanical Gardens and Herbaria.
5. Morphogenesis: Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation. Cell,
tissue, organ and protoplast culture. Somatic hybrids and Cybrids.
Paper-II
1. Cell Biology: Techniques of Cell Biology. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
-structural and ultrastructural details. Structure and function of extracellular
matrix or ECM (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane transport and
vesicular transport. Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts,
mitochondria, ER, ribosomes, endosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes, hydrogenosome).
Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex. Chromatin and nucleosome. Cell signalling
and cell receptors. Signal transduction (G-1 proteins, etc.). Mitosis and meisdosis;
molecular basis of cell cycle. Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes
and their significance. Study of polytene, lampbrush and B-chromosomes–structure,
behaviour and significance.
2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution: Development of genetics, and gene
versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles). Quantitative genetics and multiple factors.
Linkage and crossing over–methods of gene mapping including molecular
maps (idea of mapping function). Sex chromosomes and sexlinked inheritance,
sex determination and molecular basis of sex differentiation. Mutation (biochemical
and molecular basis). Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including
genetics of male sterility). Prions and prion hypothesis.
Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and protines. Genetic code and regulation
of gene expression. Multigene families.
Organic evolution-evidences, mechanism and theories. Role of RNA in origin and
evolution.
3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics: Methods of plant breeding
-- introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection,
bulk method). Male sterility and heterosis breeding. Use of apomixis in plant
breeding. Micropropagation and genetic engineering–methods of transfer
of genes and transgenic crops; development and use of molecular markers in plant
breeding.
Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV). Tests of significance
(Z-test, t-test and chi-square tests). Probability and distributions (normal,
binomial and Poisson distributions). Correlation and regression.
4. Physiology and Biochemistry: Water relations, Mineral nutrition and ion transport,
mineral deficiencies. Photosynthesis–photochemical reactions, photophosphorylation
and carbon pathways including C pathway (photorespiration), C, C and CAM pathways.
Respiraion (anaerobic and aerobic, including fermentation-electron transport
chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis.
Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, coenzymes, energy transfer
and energy conservation. Importance of secondary metabolites. Pigments as photoreceptors
(plastidial pigments and phytochrome). Photoperiodism and flowering, vernalization,
senescence. Growth substances-their chemical nature, role and applications in
agri-horticulture, growth indices, growth movements. Stress physiology (heat,
water, salinity, metal). Fruit and seed physiology. Dormancy, storage and germination
of seed. Fruit ripening -- its molecular basis and manipulation.
5. Ecology and Plant Geography: Ecological factors. Concepts and dynamics of
community. Plant succession. Concepts of biosphere. Ecosystems and their conservation.
Pollution and its control (including phytoremediation).
Forest types of India - afforestation, deforestation and social forestry. Endangered plants, endemism and Red Data Books. Biodiversity. Convention of Biological Diversity, Sovereign Rights and Intellectual Property Rights. Biogeochemical cyeles. Global warming.
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