Wednesday, December 18, 2024
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Paper I
Section-A
(i) General Geology
The Solar System, meteorities, origin and interior of the earth. Radioactivity
and age of earth; Volcanoes- causes and products, volcanic belts. Earthquakes-causes,
effects, earthquake belts, seismicity of India, intensity and magnitude,
seismongraphs. Island arcs, deep sea trenches and mid-ocean ridges. Continental
drift-evidences and mechanics; seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy,
orogeny and epeirogeny. Continents and oceans.
(ii) Geomorphology and Remote Sensing
Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and mass wasting. Landforms,
slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology
and its relation to structures and lithology. Applications of geomorphology
in mineral prospecting, civil engineering,. hydrology and environmental
studies. Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent.
Aerial photographs and their interpretation-mertis and limitations. The
Electronmagnetic Spectrum. Orbiting satellites and sensor systems. Indian
Remote Sensing Sataellites. Satellites data products. Applications of
remote sensing in geology. The Geographic Information System and its applications.
Global Positioning System.
(iii) Structural geology
Priniples of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, stress
and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic
and viscous materials. Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of
minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification
and mechanics. Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints
and faults, unconformities. Superposed deformation. Time-relationship
between crystallization and deformation. Introduction to petrofabrics.
Section-B
(iv) Paleontology
Species- definition and nomenclature. Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes
of preservation of fossils. Different kinds of microfossils. Application
of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and
paleoceanographic studies. Morphology, geological history and evolutionary
trend in Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Brachiopoda, Echinoidea and Anthozoa.
Stratigraphic utility of Ammonoidea, Trilobita and Graptoloidea. Evolutionary
trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna. Gondwana flora
and its importance.
(v) Stratigraphy and Geology of India
Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic,
chro-nostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships.
Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India. Study of
stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India
with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary
problems- Cambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary
and Pliocene/Pleistocene. Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography
and igneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past.
Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.
(vi) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology : Hydrologic cycle and genetic
classification of water. Movement of subsruface water. Springs. Porosity,
permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient,
classification of aquifers. Water-bearing characteristics of rocks. Groundwater
chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry.
Exploration for groundwater. Groundwater recharge. Problems and management
of groundwater. Rainwater harvesting. Engineering properties of rocks.
Geological investigations for dams, tunnels and bridges. Rock as construction
material. Alkali-aggregate reaction. Landslides-causes, prevention and
rehabilitation. Earthquake-resistant structures.
Paper-II
Section-A
(i) Mineralogy
Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry. International
system of crystallographic notation. Use of projection diagrams to represent
crystal symmetry. Crystal defects. Elements of X-ray crystallography.
Petrological microscope and accessories. Optical properties of common
rock forming minerals. Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction,
birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.
Physical and chemical characters of rock forming slilicate mineral groups.
Structural classification of silicates. Common minerals of igneous and
metamorphic rocks. Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and
halide groups.
(ii) Igneous ad Metamorphic Petrology
Generation and crystallisation of magma. Crystallisation of albite-anorthite,
diopside-anorthite and diopside-wollastonite-silica systems. Reaction
principle., Magmatic differentation and assimilation. Petrogenetic significance
of the textures and structrues of igneous rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis
of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite,
anorthosite and alkaline rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province.
Types and agents of metamporphism. Metamporphic grdes and zones. Phase
rule. Facies of regional and contact metamorphism. ACF and AKF diagrams.
Textures and structures of metamporphic rocks. Metamorphism of arenaceous,
argillaceous and basic rocks. Minerals assemblages Retrograde metamorphism.
Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites, Granulite terrains of India.
(iii) Sedimentology
Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation. diagenesis and lithification.
Properties of sediments. Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification,
petrography and depositional environment. Sedimentary facies and provenance.
Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy minerals and their
significance. Sedminetary basins of India.
Section-B
(iv) Economic Geology
Ore, ore minerals and gangue, tenor of ore, classification of ore deposits.
Process of formation of minerals deposits. Controls of ore localisation.
Ore textures and structures. Metallogenic epochs and provinces. Geology
of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold,
iron, lead zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial
minerals. Deposits of coal and petroleum in India. National Mineral Policy.
Conservation and utilization of mineral resources. Marine mineral resources
and Law of Sea.
(v) Mining Geology
Methods of prospecting-geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical.
Techniques of sampling. Estimation of reserves or ore. Mehtods of exploration
and mining metallic ores, industrial minerals and marine mineral resources.
Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.
(vi) Geochemistry and Environmental Geology
Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and meteorites.
Structure and compostion of earth and distribution of elements. Trace
elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds, coordination
number. Isolmorphism and polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics.
Natural hazards-floods, landslides, coastal erosion, earthquakes and volcanic
activity and mitigation. Environmental impact of urbanization, open cast
mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers,
dumping of mine waste and fly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water,
marine pollution Environment protection-legislative measures in India.
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