Wednesday, December 18, 2024
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Paper-I
1. Animal Nutrition-Energy sources, energy, metabolism and requirements
for maintenance and production of milk, meat, eggs and wool. Evaluation
of feeds as sources of energy.
Trends in protein nutriton: sources of protein metabolism and synthesis,
protein quantity and quality in relation to requirements. Energy protein
ratios in ration.
Minerals in animal diet : Sources, functions, requirements and their relationship
of the basic minerals nutrients including trace elements.
Vitamins, Hormones and Growth Stimulating, substances : Sources, functions,
requirements and inter-relationship with minerlas.
Advances in Ruminant Nutrition-Dairy Cattle: Nutrients and their metabolism
with reference to milk production and its composition. Nutrient requirements
for calves, heifers, dry and milking cows and buffaloes. Limitations of
various feeding systems.
Advances in Non-Rumiant Nutrition-Poultry-Nutrients and their metabolism
with reference to poultry, meat and egg production, Nutrients requirements
and feed formulation and broilers at different ages.
Advances in Non-Ruminant Nutrition-Swine-Nutrients and their metabolism
with special reference to growth and quality of meat production, Nutrient
requirement and feed formulation for baby-growing and finishing pigs.
Advances in Applied Animal Nutrition-A critical review and evalaution
of feeding experiments, digestibility and balance studies. Feeding standards
and measures of food energy. Nutrition requirements for growth, maintenance
and production. Balanced rations.
2. Animal Physiology:
Growth and Animal Production :-Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation,
growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation,
body composition, meat quality.
Milk Production and Reproduction and Digestion : Current status of hormonal
control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection. Male
and Female reproduction organ, their components and function. Digestive
organs and their functions.
Environmental Physiology : Physiological relations and their regulation;
mechanisms of adaption, environmental factors and regulatory mechanism
involved in animal behaviour, methods of controlling climatic stress.
Semen quality : Preservation and Artificial Insemination-Components of
semen, composition of spermatozoe, chemical and physical properties of
ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors
affecting semen production and quality preservation, composition of diluents,
sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep Freezing techniques
in cows, sheep and goats, swine and poultry.
Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception.
3. Livestock Production and Management:
Commercial Dairy Farming-Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced
countries. Dairying under fixed farming and as a specialised farming,
economic dairy farming, Starting of a dairy farm. Capital and land requirement,
organisation of the dairy farm.
Procurement of goods; opportunities in dairy farming, factors determining
the efficiency of dairy animal, Herd recording, budgeting, cost of milk
production; pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical
and Economic ration for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the
year, field and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm, Feeding regimes for
day and young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals, new trends
in feeding young and adult stock; Feeding records.
Commercial meat, egg and wool production: Development of practical and
economic rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of
greens, fodder, feeding regimens for young and mature stock. New trends
in enhancing production and management. Capital and land requirements
and socio-economic concept.
Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other natural
calamities.
4. Genetics and Animal Breeding: Mitosis and Meiosis; Mendelian inheritance;
deviations to Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing
over; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex limited characters; Blood
groups and polymorphism; Chromosome abberations; Gene and its structure;
DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant
DNA technology, Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations
and mutation rate.
Population Genetics Applied to Animal Breeding: Quantitative Vs. qualitative
traits; Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotypic
frequency; Forces changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations;
Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding
coefficient, systems of inbreeding; Effective population size; Breeding
value, estimation of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation;
partitioning of variation; Genotype X environment correlation and genotype
X environment interaction; Role of multiple measurements; Resemblance
between relatives.
Breeding Systems: Heritability, repeatability and genetic and phenotypic
correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates;
Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family
and within family selection; Progeny testing; Methods of selection; Construction
of selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic
gains through various selection methods; Indirect selection and Correlated
response; Inbreeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis of brees;
Crossing of inbred lines for commercial production; Selection for general
and specific combining ability; Breeding for threshold character.
Paper II
1. Health and Hygiene
Histology and Histological Techniques: Stains-Chemical classification
of stains used in biological work-principles of staining tissues-mordants-progressive
& regressive stains-differential staining of cytoplasmic and connective
tissue elements-Methods of preparation and processing of tissues-celloidin
embedding-Freezing microtomy-Microscopy-Bright field microscope and electron
microscope. Cytology-structure of cell, organells & inclusions; cell
divison-cell types-Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult
tissues-Comparative histology of organs:- vascular, Nervous, digestive,
respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems-Endocrine glands-Integuments-sense
organs.
Embryology: Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and
domestic mammals-gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes
& placentation-types of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twin
& twinning-organogenesis-germ layer derivatives-endodermal, mesodermal
and ectodermal derivatives.
Bovine Anatomy-Regional Anatomy: Paranasal sinuses of OX-surface anatomy
of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandibuloalveolar,
mental & coronal nerve block-Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves,
pudental nerve, median, ulnar & radial nerves-tibial, fibular and
digital nerves-Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial
lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal
and pelvic cavities-comparative features of locomotor apparatus &
their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body.
Anatomy of Fowl: Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation
to respiration and flying, digestion and egg production.
Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion, Endocrine
glands in health and disease.
Blood constituents: Properties and functions-blood cell formation-Haemoglobin
synthesis and chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and
properties; coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders-anticoagulants-blood
groups-Blood volume-Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical
tests and their significance in disease diagnosis.
Circulation: Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle-heart sounds, heart beat,
electrocardiograms, Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart
function-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation
of heart, effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressure and
hypertension, Osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation
of circulation, shock. Coronary & pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain
barrier-Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds.
Respiration : Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural
control of respiration-chemoreceptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.
Excretion: Structure and function of kidney-formation of urinemethods
of studying renal function-renal regulation of acid-base balance; physiological
constituents of urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary
recreation in chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Biochemical tests
for urinary dysfunction.
Endocrine Glands : Functional disorders, their symptoms and diagnosis.
Synthesis of hormones, mechanism and control of secretion-hormonal receptors-classification
and function.
General knowlege of pharmacology and therapeutics of drugs: Celluar level
of pharmacodynamics and pharmaco-kinetics-Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte
balance-drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system-Modern concepts of anaesthesia
and dissociative anaesthetics-Autocoids-Antimicrobials and principles
of chemotherapy in microbial injections-use of hormones in therapeutics-chemotherapy
of parasitic infections-Drug and economic persons in the Edible tissues
of animals-chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases.
Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation : Assessment
of pollution of water, air and soil-Importance of climate in animal health-effect
of environment on animal function and performance-relationship between
industri-alisation and animal agriculture-animal housing requirements
for specific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows & sows,
milking cows, broiler birds-stress, strain & productivity in relation
to animal habitation.
2. Animal Diseases:
Pathogenesis, symptoms, postmortum lesions, diagnosis, and control of
infection diseases of cattle, pigs and poultry, horses, sheep and goats.
Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle,
pig and poultry.
Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.
Diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific condition like impaction, Bloat,
Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisioning.
Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
Principles and methods of immunisation of animals against specific disseases-hard
immunity-disease free zones-'zero' disease concept-chemoprophylaxis.
Anaesthesia-local, regional and general-preanaesthetic medication, Symptoms
and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation, Hernia, choking,
abomassal displacement-Caesarian operations, Rumenotomy-Castrations.
Disease investigation techniques-Materials for laboratory investigation-Establishment
Animal Health Centres-Disease free zone.
3. Veterinary Public Health
Zoonoses: Classification, definition; role of animals and birds in prevalence
and transmission of zoonotic diseases-occupational zoonotic diseases.
Epidemiology: Principles, definition of epidemiological terms, application
of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control,
Epidemiological features of air, water and food borne infections.
Veterinary Jurisprudence: Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal
quality and prevention of animal diseases-state and control Rules for
prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases-S.P. C.A.-veterolegal
cases-certificates-Materials and Methods of collection of samples for
veterolegal investigation.
4. Milk and Milk Products Technology:
Milk Technology: Organization of rural milk procurement, collection and
transport of raw milk. Quality, testing and grading raw milk, Quality
storage grades of whole milk, Skimmed milk and cream. Processing, packaging,
storing, distributing, marketing defects and their control and nutritive
properties of the following milks : Pasteurized, standardized, toned,
double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured
milks. Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their management, youghurt,
Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterlized milks.
Legal standards, Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for
the milk plant equipment.
Milk Products Technology: Selection of raw materials, assembling, production,
processing, storing, distributing and marketing milk products such as
Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa, Cheese; Condensed, evaporated, dried milk
and baby food; Ice cream and Kulfi; by products; whey products, butter
milk, lactose and casein. Testing Grading, judging milk products-BIS and
Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality control nutritive properties.
Packaging, processing and operational control Costs.
5. Meat Hygiene and Technology:
Meat Hygiene:
Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and
dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection
procedures and judgement of carcass meat cuts-drading of carcass meat
cuts-duties and functions of Veterinarians in Wholesome meat production.
Hygienic methods of handling production of meat-spoilage of meat and control
measures-Post slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that
influence them-quality improvement methods-Adulteration of meat and defection-Regulatory
provisions in Meat trade and Industry.
Meat Technology
Physical and chemical characteristics of meat-meat emulsions-methods of
preservation of meat-curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and
meat products; meat products and formulations.
Byproducts : Slaughter house by products and their utilisation-Edible
and inedible byproducts-social and economic implications of proper utilisation
of slaughter house byproducts-Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.
Poultry Products Technology : Chemical composition and nutritive value
of poultry meat, pre slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques,
inspection, preservation of poultry meat, and products. Legal and BIS
standards.
Structure, composition and nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage.
Preservation and mainteancne. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.
Rabbit/Fur Animal farming : Care and management of rabbit meat production.
Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste byproducts.
Grading of wool.
6. Extension: Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of
extension. Different Methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions.
Generation of technology, its transfer and feedback. Problems of constraints
in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development.
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